{"version":1,"pages":[{"id":"tcoj2f7pY09nxoiHtv1H","title":"LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING SECTOR IN KENYA","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This online book is a living document, prepared to review, record, and track developments in the policy, legal and institutional framework governing affordable housing in Kenya."},{"id":"J4dkWZTVGN5hPNyt8NJy","title":"QUICK LINKS TO SEARCH FOR THE SOURCE REGULATORY DOCUMENTS","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/quick-links-to-search-for-the-source-regulatory-documents","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These include Statutes, policies and regulations reviewed."},{"id":"HcZahzIhAmwlwrcdfHKD","title":"BILLS SCHEDULE","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/bills-schedule","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This schedule provides a status update on the various housing related bills, policies, codes or regulations. This schedule will be updated periodically."},{"id":"tyfeAWESxWGXVMnRytCj","title":"NEW DEVELOPMENTS","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/new-developments","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This page highlights latest legal and regulatory developments in Kenya’s affordable housing sector as of October 2025, reflecting updates since the last GitBook revision & subject to future updates."},{"id":"aWFwnyUhqWjjo1mtILng","title":"PLEASE SHARE YOUR COMMENTS & FEEDBACK","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/please-share-your-comments-and-feedback","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"We welcome readers to engage with the content, providing commentary, additional relevant cases, updates etc., so that this becomes a live resource. Feedback will be reviewed and integrated monthly."},{"id":"TPbAkRjCOTFJY3R94lRp","title":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Article 43 of the Constitution of Kenya under the Bill of Rights provides that every person has the right to accessible and adequate housing. This idea frames the overall policy & regulatory framework"},{"id":"dk1Ft0lPvrJ0Vb7TJs1j","title":"High Level Findings / Recommendations","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations/high-level-findings-recommendations","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS"}]},{"id":"LfV23tODPAdSiGyxiYUG","title":"Overall Policy & Regulatory Framework Recommendations","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations/overall-policy-and-regulatory-framework-recommendations","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS"}]},{"id":"Yoxc3GXzDZz4MxY2ClnF","title":"Land assembly, land acquisition, title, and registration of land tenure","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations/land-assembly-land-acquisition-title-and-registration-of-land-tenure","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS"}]},{"id":"SC3sQLlJIVHpQz8e8kkp","title":"Physical Planning","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations/physical-planning","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS"}]},{"id":"XAGHYBnwfXQ63HtcUEbe","title":"Construction and Maintenance","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations/construction-and-maintenance","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS"}]},{"id":"wtZIzVX4vx5RCZCLxWtI","title":"Financing (investment, rental, taxation)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/1.-summary-of-recommendations/financing-investment-rental-taxation","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"1. SUMMARY of RECOMMENDATIONS"}]},{"id":"d99jFXoDmLgiRngX1ZAG","title":"2.  HOUSING VALUE CHAIN","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/2.-housing-value-chain","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Kenya's legal and policy framework intersects with each link in the housing value chain.  Simplified, it can be reviewed in four components: land, planning, construction, and finance."},{"id":"T1os7rdWh3d0kBNvYLQ2","title":"i.  Land assembly, Land Acquisition, Title and Registration of Land Tenure","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/2.-housing-value-chain/i.-land-assembly-land-acquisition-title-and-registration-of-land-tenure","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The land component of the housing value chain includes law and policy regarding how land is acquired, registered and titled; as well as case law regarding the management of disputes.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"2.  HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"4RAH2Jj2VAOmELYPUtEp","title":"ii.\tPhysical Planning","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/2.-housing-value-chain/ii.-physical-planning","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The physical planning component of the housing value chain including all the relevant planning approvals that occur before construction commences.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"2.  HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"PmEc5SXvLN4NvW5e4s3W","title":"iii.\tConstruction and Maintenance","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/2.-housing-value-chain/iii.-construction-and-maintenance","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Laws surrounding the construction & maintenance component govern the construction phase, and licences needed including registration of the project, payments of levies, and authorisation of workers.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"2.  HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"HoRUMrdoOm3jFtGBFpG0","title":"iv.\tFinancing (investment, rental, taxation)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/2.-housing-value-chain/iv.-financing-investment-rental-taxation","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"In the financing component, laws regulate both the demand side (buyer or renter)  & supply side (property developers).","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"2.  HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"MMsga1kVjVVUNI264nfi","title":"3. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF HOUSING","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/3.-institutions-involved-in-regulation-of-housing","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section discusses the entire institutional framework governing housing in Kenya both at the national level and the county level."},{"id":"x1Z6Udqgttcd73Ss6InM","title":"i. Key National Government Ministries","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/3.-institutions-involved-in-regulation-of-housing/i.-key-national-government-ministries","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Many national government ministries and other entities regulate and enable different aspects of the affordable housing value chain in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"3. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF HOUSING"}]},{"id":"pQEtHGvtd6Evz46Tbhm4","title":"ii. Secondary National Government Ministries","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/3.-institutions-involved-in-regulation-of-housing/ii.-secondary-national-government-ministries","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"There are additional national government ministries that also have a role in the housing value chain in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"3. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF HOUSING"}]},{"id":"hcPmwXg3b1DMhqzjT1vp","title":"iii. County Governments","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/3.-institutions-involved-in-regulation-of-housing/iii.-county-governments","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Since their establishment through the 2010 Kenya Constitution, County governments (and their entities/agencies) play an important role in the housing value chain in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"3. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF HOUSING"}]},{"id":"fVdZWEBM3QSjz8sQkRLa","title":"iv. Judiciary","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/3.-institutions-involved-in-regulation-of-housing/iv.-judiciary","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Judiciary plays a particular role in the housing value chain, specifically in resolving disputes that arise within the value chain.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"3. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF HOUSING"}]},{"id":"ajjOHE0a0BhTLUhGfW9t","title":"v. Professional regulatory and advocacy bodies","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/3.-institutions-involved-in-regulation-of-housing/v.-professional-regulatory-and-advocacy-bodies","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Various professional and regulatory bodies are also critical in the delivery of housing in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"3. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF HOUSING"}]},{"id":"h0T44WMcNoTcEETqxLyz","title":"4. OVERARCHING POLICIES AND CONTEXT","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/4.-overarching-policies-and-context","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"In this section, we consider the overarching policies and laws in the affordable housing sector in Kenya and also provide the overall context."},{"id":"lYiiM3ztjni69ZnPIkfG","title":"5. LAND ASSEMBLY, LAND ACQUISITION, TITLE AND REGISTRATION OF TENURE","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/5.-land-assembly-land-acquisition-title-and-registration-of-tenure","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section ventures to analyze the individual laws and policies in the land assembly and registration value chain, identifying gaps and proposing recommendations."},{"id":"Y5H5gaUvD0oRCu93Y5gw","title":"6. PHYSICAL PLANNING","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/6.-physical-planning","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section analyzes the particular laws and policies in the physical planning value chain, identifies gaps and makes recommendations."},{"id":"bX7qBqm4yXOZC3F6Nssk","title":"7. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/7.-construction-and-maintenance","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section  analyzes the particular laws and policies in the construction and housing maintenance value chain, identifies gaps and makes recommendations."},{"id":"0qAuTvDLpEWPyVKD7UoX","title":"8. HOUSING INVESTMENT, FINANCE & TAXATION","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/8.-housing-investment-finance-and-taxation","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section analyzes the  laws and policies undergirding the housing finance value chain, identifies gaps and makes recommendations."},{"id":"WKXi7Z07z89ZXE4YyJa3","title":"8.1 Capital Markets and Wholesale Finance (Equity and Debt)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/8.-housing-investment-finance-and-taxation/8.1-capital-markets-and-wholesale-finance-equity-and-debt","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"In this section, we discuss the equity and debt financing options for housing in Kenya, considering the capital and wholesale finance markets.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"8. HOUSING INVESTMENT, FINANCE & TAXATION"}]},{"id":"ptkmXEc3UawGH0NP7HLY","title":"8.2  Retail Finance","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/8.-housing-investment-finance-and-taxation/8.2-retail-finance","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section considers retail finance options in financing housing development in Kenya specifically the role of and the law around banks, mortgage finance companies, SACCOs and pension-backed lending","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"8. HOUSING INVESTMENT, FINANCE & TAXATION"}]},{"id":"1ukz4Q9tPxlwL6IsRC9B","title":"8.3 Financial regulation of rental markets","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/8.-housing-investment-finance-and-taxation/8.3-financial-regulation-of-rental-markets","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"In this section, we analyze how residential rental markets in Kenya are regulated and the implications thereof.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"8. HOUSING INVESTMENT, FINANCE & TAXATION"}]},{"id":"Cp8wz9zVbyCVHWBFeokx","title":"8.4  Taxation","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/8.-housing-investment-finance-and-taxation/8.4-taxation","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section concerns itself with the implications of taxation of the housing market including taxes levied on: construction inputs, landlords and property developers, and property transactions.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"8. HOUSING INVESTMENT, FINANCE & TAXATION"}]},{"id":"mx44VdufOo2kk726kdtu","title":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section conducts an analysis of laws, policies and regulations that overarching and entire breadth of the value chain that delivers housing."},{"id":"A95eVCB1jMRplWXbgsq5","title":"1.  Constitution of Kenya 2010","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/1.-constitution-of-kenya-2010","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This is the supreme law of Kenya that supersedes all other laws and serves as the overall governance charter. It provides for right to decent and affordable housing.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"OFkLeOKeEyjTFIwyua8f","title":"2.\tHousing Act, 1953 Cap 117 (Revised in 2012)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/2.-housing-act-1953-cap-117-revised-in-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for establishment of the National Housing Corporation, the Housing Development Fund and a housing board.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"wMPAEtKXZ87Usp5uXJ2h","title":"3.\tHousing Bill, 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/3.-housing-bill-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Bill seeks to revise the current Housing Act (Cap 117), require the maintenance of housing data bank and creation of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"4C5I97xVzsEw79TMUbbB","title":"4.\tSessional Paper No. 3 of 2016 on National Housing Policy","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/4.-sessional-paper-no.-3-of-2016-on-national-housing-policy","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Policy is the main policy document that governs the housing sector in Kenya and sets out the legal and institutional framework as well as the goals and objectives of the housing sector.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"I0K0yht6kGuFWOm4DHfD","title":"5. Affordable Housing Act 2024","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/5.-affordable-housing-act-2024","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides a framework for the development and access to the affordable housing and institutional housing including the imposition of the Affordable Housing Levy.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"J5z5bEObOLsswCCPrzKt","title":"6. Affordable Housing Regulations, 2025","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/6.-affordable-housing-regulations-2025","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Affordable Housing Regulations are made by the Cabinet Secretary for Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development to effect the Affordable Housing Act 2024.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"EIqCR7E1ooqcoZZxv5hK","title":"7.  The Economic and Social Rights Bill 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/7.-the-economic-and-social-rights-bill-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This Bill seeks to create a framework for monitoring, promotion and enforcement of economic and social rights in Kenya. It was previously known as The Preservation of Human Dignity and Social Rights","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"tI6toxsbg2OlSvIS6HbV","title":"8. Persons with Disabilities Act, 2025","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-a-laws-policies-regulations-governing-the-breadth-of-the-housing-value-chain/8.-persons-with-disabilities-act-2025","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"An Act to give effect to Article 54 by restructuring the National Council for Persons with Disabilities, outlining its functions, and establishing the framework for protecting and promoting disability","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX A:  LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE BREADTH OF THE HOUSING VALUE CHAIN"}]},{"id":"AXB1ll2loL5nveRtZVW4","title":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section contains an analysis of particular laws and policies within the land acquisition and titling value chain that are key to securing land tenure."},{"id":"7JMenESnqlCguQg4VZtR","title":"1. Land Act, No. 6 of 2012","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/1.-land-act-no.-6-of-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for a harmonized and uniform substance of land law in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"BGGfRJ1VqJNBEBpXT024","title":"2.  Land Registration Act, No. 3 of 2012","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/2.-land-registration-act-no.-3-of-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for processes of registration of land/properties in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"ltjdPHP89Tm9RaMcQEvt","title":"3. Idle Land Taxation Policy 2018","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/3.-idle-land-taxation-policy-2018","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The proposed Policy sought to levy takes on idle land to  deal with speculation of land which leads to artificially high prices of land.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"SUKnxXA15ZoEtVWMEz1A","title":"4. Community Land Act. No. 27 of 2016","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/4.-community-land-act.-no.-27-of-2016","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for recognition and regulation of community land, which is a form of land tenure whereby land is owned by communities as proprietors.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"YhaHFAX4cWz5YVC9VQs1","title":"5. Sessional Paper No. 3 of 2009, the National Land Policy","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/5.-sessional-paper-no.-3-of-2009-the-national-land-policy","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Policy is the major policy document governing the entire land sector and which informs laws in the Kenyan land sector.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"3CMIebiu4yi1Z7ecRrXQ","title":"6. National Land Commission Act, No. 5 of 2012","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/6.-national-land-commission-act-no.-5-of-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law further establishes and provides for functions of the National Land Commission established for managing public land.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"1aZpD7yqaSI0nISRmuqy","title":"7. National Land Commission (Investigation of Historical Land Injustices) Regulations, 2017","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/7.-national-land-commission-investigation-of-historical-land-injustices-regulations-2017","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations provide procedures and modes of resolving historical land injustices (those that took place between 15th June 1895 when Kenya became a British protectorate and 27th August 2010.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"CkkiHwIXpOZ5QRDUe053","title":"8. National Land Commission (Amendment) Act, 2025","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/8.-national-land-commission-amendment-act-2025","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act amends the NLC Act 2012 to allow the National Land Commission to continue reviewing grants of public land to extend the statutory period for admitting historical injustice claims","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"Sc4Cttg8fvhxeyO5ObLW","title":"9.  Land Control Act (Cap 302), 1967","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/9.-land-control-act-cap-302-1967","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for control of land transactions relating to agricultural land by requiring consent from the Land Control Boards.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"KraqnbWT7HXgKg1Oymxq","title":"10. Land Control Bill, 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/10.-land-control-bill-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Bill seeks to repeal and replace the current Land Control Act (Cap 302) to align it within the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and other applicable laws.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"4QY3CHizARvQsNTEWIjj","title":"11. Environment and Land Court Act No. 19 of 2011","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/11.-environment-and-land-court-act-no.-19-of-2011","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law establishes the Environment and Land Court to determine land and environment disputes to reduce the backlog of cases and promote expeditious resolution of disputes.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"fMyIBRYb7bSFRJh9KEnn","title":"12. Survey Act No. 25 of 1961 (Cap 299)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/12.-survey-act-no.-25-of-1961-cap-299","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for land surveying and licensing of surveyors, and establishes of Land Surveyors' Board to regulate the practice of surveyors as professionals.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"6iVoitbWaGjzvtegc2em","title":"13. Land Registration (General) Regulations, 2017","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/13.-land-registration-general-regulations-2017","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations provide for various Forms/Schedules to be used in property transfers/transactions.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"H25BZOA3eW4mXtuNXGTg","title":"14. Land Registration (Registration Units) Order, 2017","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/14.-land-registration-registration-units-order-2017","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations provide for the process of converting old titles and registers to new titles and registers required under the new laws (title migration/conversion).","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"SrBnrKzBh23hoS9riPVg","title":"15. Sectional Properties Act, No. 21 of 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/15.-sectional-properties-act-no.-21-of-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law repeals the 1987 Act and provides for division of buildings into units to be owned by individual proprietors and common property to be owned by proprietors of the units as tenants in common.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"kMDeMetXYm4OrOpmFaa3","title":"16. Land (Amendment) Act 2025","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-b-laws-policies-regulations-governing-land-assembly-acquisition-title-tenure/16.-land-amendment-act-2025","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Land (Amendment) Act, 2025, seeks to amend the Land Act to provide for the registration of public land and land set aside for public purpose.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX B: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING LAND ASSEMBLY / ACQUISITION / TITLE / TENURE"}]},{"id":"AmIrFI6o3Nggz825VFUB","title":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This annex comprises of laws and policies that govern the physical planning laws, including those that require planning approvals and conduct of spatial planning."},{"id":"hj3WnR4BOyyQ0IvcK3iJ","title":"1. Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2017 on National Land Use Policy","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/1.-sessional-paper-no.-1-of-2017-on-national-land-use-policy","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This Policy provides the principles, the policy environment and the institutional framework governing land use in Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"EEhdgSPMuu8iP2gighlO","title":"2. National Land Use Policy Implementation Monitoring and Oversight Tool 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/2.-national-land-use-policy-implementation-monitoring-and-oversight-tool-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This oversight tool seeks to monitor and guide reporting of land use planning.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"5b3gWrdoBD4rdjTcq3Q9","title":"3. Kenya National Spatial Plan (2015-2045)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/3.-kenya-national-spatial-plan-2015-2045","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Plan provides the general trend of spatial development in Kenya by setting out the type of developments that should be put in different zones.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"mDpnLDAcv1ZRevmVfMsR","title":"4.  Physical and Land Use Planning Act, No. 13 of 2019","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/4.-physical-and-land-use-planning-act-no.-13-of-2019","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law regulates physical and land use planning including zoning requirements, institutional framework on planning, preparation spatial plans and other development control aspects.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"VqEyqHoPyeMZSGzCTIvK","title":"5.  Physical and Land use Planning (Planning fees), Regulation 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/5.-physical-and-land-use-planning-planning-fees-regulation-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations regulates the charging of amounts payable for services offered by a planning authority (planning fees). They replaced the Physical Planning (Planning and endorsement fees) Regulation","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"kPYuBgZEiiv5HGT6nn62","title":"6.  County Spatial Planning Guidelines, 2018","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/6.-county-spatial-planning-guidelines-2018","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Ministry of Lands and Council of Governors (CoG) developed the Guidelines to guide county governments in legislating on planning (development of County Spatial Plans) and to enhance the capacity o","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"mbEq3QcdIs4aCp6kVmbG","title":"7. Nairobi City Development Ordinances and Zones Guidelines 2004","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/7.-nairobi-city-development-ordinances-and-zones-guidelines-2004","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These are the zoning guidelines for Nairobi City County. It provides for guidelines in up to 24 zones in Nairobi.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"1yLKGTbD6BlepAx24tLU","title":"8. Nairobi Integrated Urban Development Master Plan (2014-2030)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/8.-nairobi-integrated-urban-development-master-plan-2014-2030","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Plan  provides for different land uses in Nairobi to include: residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, transportation, agricultural and public utilities.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"Fiign7aCK5VqVcatCDsn","title":"9.  Physical Planning Handbook 2008","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/9.-physical-planning-handbook-2008","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This page entails the detailsof a guidebook developed with the objective of operationalizing the Physical Planning Act (Cap 286)","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"rhOvkQNXoiqmsVqs94Y0","title":"10.  Sessional Paper No. 10 of 2014 on The National Environment Policy","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/10.-sessional-paper-no.-10-of-2014-on-the-national-environment-policy","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This is a useful guide for professionals (planners) in the land use and physical planning space as it details the processes and procedures to be followed when obtaining the various devel","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"CyrfvyM9tby49ySfO6Gq","title":"11.  Urban Areas and Cities Act, No. 13 of 2011","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/11.-urban-areas-and-cities-act-no.-13-of-2011","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The page entails details on the Urban Areas Cities Act  which provides for classification, governance and management of urban areas and cities","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"sbu3YSQP1Y9Zt6Gw4V2D","title":"12. Physical Planners Registration Act, No. 3 of 1996","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/12.-physical-planners-registration-act-no.-3-of-1996","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This statute seeks to provide for registration of physical planners","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"VeEgvcgBfKm652VU02DT","title":"13.  Export Processing Zones Act, 1990 (Cap 517)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/13.-export-processing-zones-act-1990-cap-517","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"i9F7d0ncb29rFRIVbZDr","title":"14. Investment Promotion Act, No. 6 of 2004","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/14.-investment-promotion-act-no.-6-of-2004","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The purpose of the law is to promote investment by assisting investors in obtaining the licences necessary to invest and by providing other assistance and incentives and for related purposes.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"37hiPFsnGzPhZhBDh4Sk","title":"15. Special Economic Zones Act, No. 16 of 2015","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/15.-special-economic-zones-act-no.-16-of-2015","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law seeks to provide for the establishment of special economic zones; promotion of global and local investors; the development and management of enabling environment for such investments.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"bd4QcE9yChXm6t4SXvXF","title":"16. Nairobi City County Regularization of Development Act No. 3 of 2015","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/16.-nairobi-city-county-regularization-of-development-act-no.-3-of-2015","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"DYuYuHPB1KUG75uHQwko","title":"17. Nairobi City County Community and Neighbourhood Associations Engagement No. 4 of 2016","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/17.-nairobi-city-county-community-and-neighbourhood-associations-engagement-no.-4-of-2016","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The purpose of the law is to give statutory recognition to community and neighbourhood initiatives to complement county government efforts in delivering essential services.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"S402oJVnGuGCyMTAx0C0","title":"18. Sectional Properties Regulations, 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/18.-sectional-properties-regulations-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations sought to give effect to the Sectional Properties Act 2021 by providing for details, and provides for Forms/Schedules for transactions.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"OlP5QiLVv9wHmIjg80F6","title":"19. Nairobi City County Development Control Policy","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/19.-nairobi-city-county-development-control-policy","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"G3iK6dCSuDHvCZ64F8oe","title":"20. National Addressing Bill","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/20.-national-addressing-bill","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Proposed bill to give effect to Part 2 of the 4th Schedule to the Constitution; to provide for among others, the establishment of the National Addressing Council and County Addressing Committees.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"d08zDFTSyVKbUZRoZEMe","title":"21. Nairobi City County Regularization of Unauthorized Development Act, 2025","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-c-laws-policies-regulations-governing-physical-planning/21.-nairobi-city-county-regularization-of-unauthorized-development-act-2025","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act aims to establish a framework for the regularization of unauthorized developments within Nairobi City County that were constructed or initiated without the necessary approvals before.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX C: LAWS / POLICIES / REGULATIONS GOVERNING PHYSICAL PLANNING"}]},{"id":"RTEz2cXG6JTF24w4cNMu","title":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section discusses particular laws on construction and maintenance such as the building codes, National Construction Authority, among others."},{"id":"AkRy3ErAo7EEgnicNqHC","title":"1.Local Government (Adoptive ByLaws) Building Order, 1968 and The Local Government (Adoptive By-Laws","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/1.local-government-adoptive-bylaws-building-order-1968-and-the-local-government-adoptive-by-laws","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The building code provides for specifications on siting of buildings, building materials and other construction requirements.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"OVkv96rdGSE75CSh7mpf","title":"2.  National Building Code, 2024","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/2.-national-building-code-2024","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"It seeks to repeal the 1968 Building Code which is now considered obsolete as it does not consider developments that have occurred in the construction industry including green buildings.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"UsjCajnZOr9YfXLI1aOg","title":"3. National Construction Authority Act, No. 41 of 2011","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/3.-national-construction-authority-act-no.-41-of-2011","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for establishment of the National Construction Authority (NCA), established under section 3 of the Act, which oversees  the construction industry and supervising construction works.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"x52o5h6lslT4UUuO9AlH","title":"4. National Construction Authority Regulations, 2014","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/4.-national-construction-authority-regulations-2014","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"QjFCPY2Y65EoqMWB3Mqw","title":"5. NCA Code of Conduct for the Construction Industry, 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/5.-nca-code-of-conduct-for-the-construction-industry-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Code provides for general principles, the scope of application, acceptable conduct by parties, general unacceptable conduct, enforcement of the code of conduct, and monitoring and evaluation.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"3wHwCCYniv8cdpq7ezkq","title":"6. National Construction Authority (Defects Liability) Regulations, 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/6.-national-construction-authority-defects-liability-regulations-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations sought to impose responsibility and liability on contractor and  other professionals involved in a project in case of defects in the building within the Defects Liability Period.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"W478D9IaEHF7osAsKvMP","title":"7. Standards Act, 1974 (Cap 496)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/7.-standards-act-1974-cap-496","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act promote the standardisation of the specification of commodities, to provide for the standardisation of commodities and codes of practice; to establish the Kenya Bureau of Standards.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"6vkYOwV5ZKWdVzfzgFSW","title":"8. Buy Kenya-Build Kenya Strategy 2017","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/8.-buy-kenya-build-kenya-strategy-2017","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Strategy aims to promote and enhance the competitiveness and consumption of Kenya’s own products and services in both absolute figures and as a proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP).","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"0uwXsfbo23Ev8vSvDZrH","title":"9. Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2013 National Building Maintenance Policy for Kenya","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/9.-sessional-paper-no.-1-of-2013-national-building-maintenance-policy-for-kenya","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Policy document provides for maintenance of buildings to inform on responsibilities of property owners/developers.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"2eZsG85kCaCy8loyLgNC","title":"10.\tNational Risk Disaster Management Bill 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/10.-national-risk-disaster-management-bill-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Bill sought to provide a legal framework for managing disaster risks premised on seeking first to respond effectively and in a timely manner to disasters or disaster risk.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"iwd5ZJ4BGRSwrHQCr5S5","title":"11. Kenya National Climate Change Response Strategy 2010","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/11.-kenya-national-climate-change-response-strategy-2010","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Response Strategy provides for ways of enhancing the resilience of urban areas to climate change including through building practices.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"pQdR2kkItPlvKLx7xHYT","title":"12.\tSustainable Waste Management Act 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/12.-sustainable-waste-management-act-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law establishes a legal and institutional framework for the sustainable management of waste to ensure realization of the right to a clean and health environment.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"F4EzmIZWRg9tDoLDKFMV","title":"13.\tForest Conservation and Management Act, No. 34 of 2016","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/13.-forest-conservation-and-management-act-no.-34-of-2016","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for the development and sustainable management, including conservation and rational utilization of all forest resources for the socio-economic development of the country.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"C0OIJfJzL9siX3TpebNL","title":"14.\tForests (Harvesting) Rules, 2009","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/14.-forests-harvesting-rules-2009","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations provide for rules guiding the harvesting of trees used in housing construction from forests.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"YTtFXz4VbdZxg9LV6UPV","title":"15.\tPublic Health Act, 1921 (Cap 242)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/15.-public-health-act-1921-cap-242","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for the legal framework on sanitation and housing standards.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"3PRX9Spd0jEWU3EII05a","title":"16.\tPublic Health (Drainage and Latrine) Rules, 1948","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/16.-public-health-drainage-and-latrine-rules-1948","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Rules provide for setting up of drainage and latrines in order to enhance public health standards.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"rEtUmxDzbBI0FLIZGMoc","title":"17.\tMining Act, No. 12 of 2016","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/17.-mining-act-no.-12-of-2016","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for prospecting, mining, processing, refining, treatment, transport and any dealings in minerals.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"iis6TPXoFM2ln21AD8kj","title":"18.\tPersons with Disabilities Act, No. 14 of 2003","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/18.-persons-with-disabilities-act-no.-14-of-2003","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The statute provides for the rights and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities to achieve equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"8F3AHtUrlAXM3PwgMuIx","title":"19.\tThe Climate Change (Amendment) Act, 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/19.-the-climate-change-amendment-act-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act amends the Climate Change Act to include the regulation of carbon projects and trading in the country. It came into force in September 2023.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"N5p7TtVvdpqTBqYd5Q3M","title":"20.\tWater Act No. 43 of 2016","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/20.-water-act-no.-43-of-2016","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for regulation, management and development of water resources, water and sewerage services.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"s8QnmUEVkWdRJHxk7tFo","title":"21.\tEnvironmental Management and Coordination Act, No. 8 of 1999","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/21.-environmental-management-and-coordination-act-no.-8-of-1999","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The statute seeks to provide for the establishment of an appropriate legal and institutional framework for the management of the environment and for matters connected therewith.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"QFiAvV1JYAyr980uMcJb","title":"22.\tEnvironmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2003","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/22.-environmental-impact-assessment-and-audit-regulations-2003","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations provide details on the conduct of environmental impact assessment and audits that precede construction projects.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"AZuzegnKeYLi4SCRPEOf","title":"23.\tEnvironmental Management and Co-ordination (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/23.-environmental-management-and-co-ordination-water-quality-regulations-2006","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations provide for protection of water quality including measures of preventing water pollution.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"PH2oZlfPnQ3JV0rzEyfi","title":"24.\tEnvironmental Management and Coordination (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution) (Control) Re","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/24.-environmental-management-and-coordination-noise-and-excessive-vibration-pollution-control-re","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations provide for rules governing noise pollution including acceptable practices and noise levels.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"Miwvldbr8bPIdvruqE4k","title":"25.\tEnergy Act No. 1 of 2019","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/25.-energy-act-no.-1-of-2019","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act consolidates laws relating to energy, provides for National and County Government functions in relation to energy, to provide for establishment, powers and functions of the regulator (EPRA).","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"YbIgIsib7ljsEI16lmgd","title":"26. Proposed Climate Change (Green & Resilient Buildings) Regulations 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/26.-proposed-climate-change-green-and-resilient-buildings-regulations-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations have been developed by the Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Forestry to give effect to the Climate Change Act.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"aC8Nu2GWtBPSIh2p7lem","title":"27. The National Construction Authority (Amendment) Bill 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/27.-the-national-construction-authority-amendment-bill-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The principal object of this Bill is to amend the National Construction Authority Act, No.41 of 2011 to provide for exemption  from payment of some fees.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"ywtCJfFsyK4L3CIo4yFO","title":"28. National Construction Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2025 (Senate Bill No. 15 of 2025)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/28.-national-construction-authority-amendment-bill-2025-senate-bill-no.-15-of-2025","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"k4D66Pp0fuQOKygYIuKH","title":"29. The Water (Amendment) Bill, 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/29.-the-water-amendment-bill-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Water Amendment Bill 2023 seeks to amend the Water Act 2016 to provide for Public Private Partnerships in the water Sector","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"SE74CoKGlUtXAVHqH9XJ","title":"30. Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/30.-persons-with-disabilities-bill-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Bills seek to provide for an institutional framework for protecting and promoting the rights of persons with disabilities as well as providing incentives and reliefs to such persons.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"tFpAjitRWRWrSov6t3x9","title":"Case Law","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-d-laws-governing-construction-and-maintenance/case-law","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section discusses judicial decisions that have been adjudicated and which affect construction and maintenance value chain.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX D: LAWS GOVERNING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE"}]},{"id":"Nl2vcmQx0XM4Ne9TN2wh","title":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section focuses on law and policies governing the various professionals in the housing sector such as architects, engineers, surveyors, lawyers and estate agents."},{"id":"oDCr4nHw50ZAfsBjLG9G","title":"1. Architect and Quantity Surveyor Act, 1933 (Cap 525)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/1.-architect-and-quantity-surveyor-act-1933-cap-525","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for regulation of architects and quantity surveyors, in particular the registration and proof of qualification and regulation of persons registered to practice as such.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"Zvn9QdVT1hKUj8VGh060","title":"2. Architects and Quantity Surveyors By-Laws, 1959","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/2.-architects-and-quantity-surveyors-by-laws-1959","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The by-laws set out the details of the practice of architects and quantity surveyors including the scale of professional charges/fees for services.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"MVX2k7KeS5Pizpg1Q9iU","title":"3.\tCompetition Act, No. 12 of 2010","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/3.-competition-act-no.-12-of-2010","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act promotes  competition in the national economy; protects consumers from unfair and misleading market conduct; and establishes the Competition Authority of Kenya & Competition Tribunal.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"8U2jo2pGwSsyMQmts9Cl","title":"4.\tEngineers Act, No. 43 of 2011","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/4.-engineers-act-no.-43-of-2011","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This statute provides for the training, registration and licensing of engineers, the regulation and development of the practice of engineers.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"orLCFdX1mvIyJdXLo8yg","title":"5.\tEngineering Rules, 2019","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/5.-engineering-rules-2019","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Rules provide details on the registration process of engineers including the application and registration forms (First Schedule) as well as the fees chargeable.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"pOi94YVEwhwapxRaR6aZ","title":"6.\tEngineers (Scale of Fees for Professional Engineering Services) Rules, 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/6.-engineers-scale-of-fees-for-professional-engineering-services-rules-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations seek to set a scale of fees chargeable by registered professional and consulting engineers.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"SSNZLvDf08p5Ye1CIbJN","title":"7.\tEngineering Technology Act, No. 23 of 2016","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/7.-engineering-technology-act-no.-23-of-2016","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for registration and practice of persons with engineering technology qualifications such as professional engineering technologists and certified engineering technicians.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"NdnjuL58Doy9XRf2DWue","title":"8.\tValuers Act, 1985 (Cap 532)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/8.-valuers-act-1985-cap-532","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This statute provides for registration of valuers for purposes of valuation of land/property.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"qEQsEerbezLGMY7Enk6W","title":"9. The Construction Project Managers and Construction Managers Bill 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/9.-the-construction-project-managers-and-construction-managers-bill-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The page describes the Construction Project Managers and Construction Managers Bill 2023 that aims to provide for registration and regulation of Construction Project Managers and Construction Managers","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"AE8rw9RzIXRzP2FrnaDb","title":"10. The Real Estate Management Bill 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/10.-the-real-estate-management-bill-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Real Estate Management Bill 2023 seeks to address issues such as fraud, consumer protection and unethical practices in the real estate sector.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"rct4FGg0CVXhkf4FuVqg","title":"11. The Physical and Land Use Planning (Outsourcing of Professional Services) Regulations, 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/11.-the-physical-and-land-use-planning-outsourcing-of-professional-services-regulations-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"QQ5FpLO4RL4DoZdak3Hm","title":"12. The Valuers Bill, 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-e-laws-and-policies-relating-to-professionals-in-housing/12.-the-valuers-bill-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"A Bill for AN ACT of Parliament to establish the Valuers Board of Kenya; to provide for the registration and licensing of valuers; and for connected purposes","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX E: LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO PROFESSIONALS IN HOUSING"}]},{"id":"n5ze9lEEpSn6tgG7h13s","title":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section analyzes individual laws and policies governing renting of houses and housing taxation. These include laws governing banks, SACCOs, public finance laws and tax laws."},{"id":"z7XldGfP6VAH38PFGeTN","title":"1.\tRetirement Benefits Act, No. 3 of 1997","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/1.-retirement-benefits-act-no.-3-of-1997","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This Act provides for regulation, registration and supervision of retirement benefit schemes including pension schemes that are key for housing financing from both the supplier and demand side.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"aA9hyFsxrdzbiH9QVjqn","title":"2.\tBuilding Societies Act, 1956 (Cap 489)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/2.-building-societies-act-1956-cap-489","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for establishment of building societies which provide loans or credit to borrowers for development of housing.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"mNlGVKsrJ9ZqvJGnm3Ri","title":"3.\tBanking Act, 1989 (Cap 488)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/3.-banking-act-1989-cap-488","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This law regulates the practice of commercial banks which provide financing on both the supply and demand side of housing finance.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"nI8R8C4JeLPV2ADoiCc2","title":"4.\tCapital Markets (Real Estate Investment Trusts) (Collective Investment Schemes) Regulations, 2013","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/4.-capital-markets-real-estate-investment-trusts-collective-investment-schemes-regulations-2013","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations provide for establishment and registration of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) which are an innovative way of supply side financing of housing.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"JOygBeNj2nrDSttZoMv7","title":"5.\tCentral Bank of Kenya Act 1966 (Cap 491)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/5.-central-bank-of-kenya-act-1966-cap-491","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This law provides for the functioning and operation of the Central Bank of Kenya, part of which includes regulation of commercial banks and mortgage refinance companies that fund housing development.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"PGOglGZe2ef6S07HmhRC","title":"6.\tEstate Agents Act, 1984 (Cap 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(Deposit-Taking Sacco Business) Regulations 2010","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/8.-sacco-societies-deposit-taking-sacco-business-regulations-2010","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"These Regulations provide for minimum operational regulations and prudential guidelines that are required of deposit-taking SACCOs.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"YGuJUjbDjtbJJyPjovjM","title":"9.\tSacco Societies (Non-Deposit Taking Business) Regulations 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/9.-sacco-societies-non-deposit-taking-business-regulations-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations seek to regulate non-deposit taking SACCOs given the risks to the members of the public and the wider financial system.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING 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Sacco Societies (Specified Non-Deposit Taking Business) (Levy) Order, 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/11.-sacco-societies-specified-non-deposit-taking-business-levy-order-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Order prescribes the annual levy charged on non-deposit-taking SACCO societies, which levy is used to finance the operations of the regulator (SASRA).","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"uATPLCdgjf9lA0oErgET","title":"12.\tCooperative Societies Act, No. 12 of 1997","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/12.-cooperative-societies-act-no.-12-of-1997","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for registration of Cooperative societies, which are then later licensed as SACCOs and which provide part of loan financing for housing.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"S4cdjJoWuk14DNUzodny","title":"13.\tEmployment Act, No. 11 of 2007","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/13.-employment-act-no.-11-of-2007","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The purpose of the statute is to regulate relations between employers and employees and provide for rights and responsibilities of both parties.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"XCRPsKpZBxdmtFaOsEtM","title":"14.\tGuarantee (House Purchase) Act, 1967 (Cap 462)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/14.-guarantee-house-purchase-act-1967-cap-462","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This law provides for government guarantees of excess advances by building societies to citizens.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"JnaKTGqMSTERJPpIecW1","title":"15.\tCivil Servants (Housing Scheme Fund) Regulations, 2004","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/15.-civil-servants-housing-scheme-fund-regulations-2004","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations establish and provide for operationalization of the Civil Servant Housing Scheme Fund to provide loans to civil servants for building or buying residential houses.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"JWrYQMHF0GMOJNXTOMLc","title":"16.\tHousing Scheme Fund Regulations, 2018 (Legal Notice No. 238 of 2018)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/16.-housing-scheme-fund-regulations-2018-legal-notice-no.-238-of-2018","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations sought to provide for a Housing Fund whereby employers and employees would contribute to deal with the demand side of the housing market. The Regulations were quashed by courts.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"VxSwafKAs0bhFHTLEkGR","title":"17.\tIncome Tax Act (Cap 470)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/17.-income-tax-act-cap-470","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for assessing, charging and collecting income tax, the income to be charged and the administrative and enforcement provisions of tax collection.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"fW2KBhfC7G5JZa9ibYJE","title":"18.\tFinance Act, No. 22 of 2022","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/18.-finance-act-no.-22-of-2022","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law was the Finance Act 2022 which spelt out the taxation measures/proposals for the financial year 2022-2023.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"6ADnVrWjOLYMm7nTdiyi","title":"19.\tPublic Finance Management Act, No. 18 of 2012","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/19.-public-finance-management-act-no.-18-of-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The statute provides for effective management of public finances by national and county governments;  and oversight responsibility of Parliament and county assemblies.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"G19s2ggnehRjlhRhTSF6","title":"20.\tUnclaimed Financial Assets Act, No. 40 of 2011","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/20.-unclaimed-financial-assets-act-no.-40-of-2011","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This statute provides for reporting and dealing with unclaimed financial assets; to establish the Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority (UFAA) and the Unclaimed Financial Assets Trust Fund (UFATF)","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"Dlo3Sz4YaxSiaORaWGrJ","title":"21.\tProceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act, No. 9 of 2009","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/21.-proceeds-of-crime-and-anti-money-laundering-act-no.-9-of-2009","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"Act provides for the offence of money laundering and introduces measures for combating the offence; and provides for the identification, tracing, and confiscation of the proceeds of crime.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"JDkXkMFWRJM460JXGn6K","title":"22.\tKenya Deposit Insurance Act, No. 10 of 2012","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/22.-kenya-deposit-insurance-act-no.-10-of-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for the establishment of a deposit insurance system, receivership and liquidation of deposit taking institutions and establishment of the Kenya Deposit Insurance Corporation.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"FSFEoU79av9uFVXM9x7O","title":"23.\tMortgages (Special Provisions) Act, 1968 (Cap 304)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/23.-mortgages-special-provisions-act-1968-cap-304","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This law enables mortgage finance companies to obtain possession more easily of property in respect of which they are able as mortgagees to exercise their power of sale or appoint receivers.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"6RAb93yBkkmTa91t6xjT","title":"24.\tAuctioneers Act No. 5 of 1996","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/24.-auctioneers-act-no.-5-of-1996","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for the practice of auctioneering.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"ADVPc0CRgxFFx1JjxqMR","title":"25.\tAuctioneers Practice Rules 2009","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/25.-auctioneers-practice-rules-2009","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Rules provide for the practice of auctioneering includes rules of conduct, fees charged and continuous development education.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"Iz06ed0EcRetTsazb9MN","title":"26.\tAuctioneer Rules, 1997","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/26.-auctioneer-rules-1997","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Rules provide for licensing and identification of auctioneers, attachment and sale of properties during auctions and the general conduct of auctions.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"z9yC3vaZqS04hetdDJX8","title":"27.\tRent Restriction Act, 1959 (Cap 296)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/27.-rent-restriction-act-1959-cap-296","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for restrictions on rent increases for residential premises whose monthly rent is below Ksh 2500.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"DDQ5H49yZ6xy3zb300Gg","title":"28.\tStamp Duty Act, 1958 (Cap 480)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/28.-stamp-duty-act-1958-cap-480","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The  Act provides for the charging, assessment and collection of income tax; for ascertainment of income to be charged and provides for administrative and general provisions.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"lbhL3LSahrJpimMLAxl1","title":"29.\tStamp Duty (Valuation of Immovable Property) Regulations 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/29.-stamp-duty-valuation-of-immovable-property-regulations-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations provide for valuation of immovable property by private valuers appointed by the Chief Government Valuer pursuant to section 10A of the Stamp Duty Act.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"m47Xg28CGL4Q8JYbIKUT","title":"30.\tValue Added Tax Act, No. 35 of 2013","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/30.-value-added-tax-act-no.-35-of-2013","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The purpose of this Act is to review and update the law relating to value added tax; to provide for the imposition of value added tax on supplies made in or imported into Kenya.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"03X8vjvPw3JdfuLhYWkV","title":"31.\tPublic Private Partnerships Act, No. 14 of 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/31.-public-private-partnerships-act-no.-14-of-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The law provides for the participation of the private sector in the financing, construction, development, operation or maintenance of infrastructure that would have to be done by government.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"tBi5fKV597QcbKHvs2Yf","title":"32.\tCounty Governments Act, No. 17 of 2012","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/32.-county-governments-act-no.-17-of-2012","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for county governments' powers, functions and responsibilities to deliver services          while Part XI of the Act provides for county planning.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"DokJ7pcp0H48Mf8rVgQj","title":"33.\tNational Rating Act, 2024","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/33.-national-rating-act-2024","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides a comprehensive framework for imposition of rates on land and buildings by county governments; for valuation of rateable property and for appointment and powers of valuers.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"MBX9LeRBobXe7c6jZNnP","title":"34.\tDistress for Rent Act, 1938 (Cap 293)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/34.-distress-for-rent-act-1938-cap-293","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Act provides for distress of a tenant for unpaid rent which entitles  a landlord  to enter their tenanted property and seize goods found at the property until the rent due is paid.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"2k2N4yjjpqpevYdTZgJD","title":"35.\tLandlord and Tenant Bill, No. 3 of 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/35.-landlord-and-tenant-bill-no.-3-of-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Bill consolidates the laws relating to the renting of business and residential premises and seeks to regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"PIaSHBrPYnybPTfmnKhC","title":"36. The Cooperatives Bill, 2024","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/36.-the-cooperatives-bill-2024","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This Bill seeks to provide a legal framework for the promotion, registration and regulation of Cooperatives in the country and give effect to Article 186 and the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"yASGp7pXZ6Y7RIGDKiGJ","title":"37. The Central Bank of Kenya (Mortgage Refinance Companies) Regulations, 2019","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/37.-the-central-bank-of-kenya-mortgage-refinance-companies-regulations-2019","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"QMJW2981WudKgQO2hzf3","title":"38. Finance Act No. 4 of 2023","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/38.-finance-act-no.-4-of-2023","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Finance Act 2023 provides for the taxation measures for the financial year 2023-2024.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"r6ImJe9nOHoFcpe94xgf","title":"39. Tax Laws (Amendment) Act 2024","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/39.-tax-laws-amendment-act-2024","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This Act was enacted on 11 December 2024 following the assent of the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill 2024 by the President of Kenya. It became effective from 27th December 2024.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"BsUMnPaC0tZxl3Hay9Pq","title":"40. Tax Procedures (Amendment) Act 2024","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-f-laws-governing-financing-rental-taxation/40.-tax-procedures-amendment-act-2024","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX F: LAWS GOVERNING FINANCING / RENTAL / TAXATION"}]},{"id":"RLqv2cFbudN9eLCUkIz6","title":"ANNEX G: OFF-PLAN HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-g-off-plan-housing-developments","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"This section takes stock of the laws (mainly in the form of judicial authorities) on off-plan housing developments, attendant risks and the implications of the same."},{"id":"90M2FQqPDgHidtKYFXxS","title":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r"},{"id":"vwfoPK1zBLyMirNukTOy","title":"1. Housing Bill, 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations/1.-housing-bill-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Bill seeks to revise the current Housing Act (Cap 117), require the maintenance of housing data bank and creation of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS"}]},{"id":"rVN85Oi5HzTHbSfPBkvI","title":"2. Landlord and Tenant Bill, No. 3 of 2021","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations/2.-landlord-and-tenant-bill-no.-3-of-2021","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Bill consolidates the laws relating to the renting of business and residential premises and seeks to regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS"}]},{"id":"slxx9DQqx22wAtZeHkHr","title":"3. Retirement Benefits (Mortgage Loans) (Amendments) Regulations, 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations/3.-retirement-benefits-mortgage-loans-amendments-regulations-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS"}]},{"id":"d0d3IkPbu9Aj9gfVj1hM","title":"4. Housing Scheme Fund Regulations, 2018 (Legal Notice No. 238 of 2018)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations/4.-housing-scheme-fund-regulations-2018-legal-notice-no.-238-of-2018","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations sought to mandate all employers to register with the Housing Fund and contribute to the Fund.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS"}]},{"id":"wNO7NVMjIuzJN9QUTp5T","title":"5. Housing Scheme Fund Regulations, 2018 (Legal Notice No. 238 of 2018)","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations/5.-housing-scheme-fund-regulations-2018-legal-notice-no.-238-of-2018","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS"}]},{"id":"VpTtGtOv2T1wfRummrEB","title":"6. National Construction Authority (Defects Liability) Regulations, 2020","pathname":"/kenya-legal-policy-and-institutional-review/annex-h-in-depth-analysis-on-hanging-regulations/6.-national-construction-authority-defects-liability-regulations-2020","siteSpaceId":"sitesp_GuF3r","description":"The Regulations sought to impose responsibility and liability on contractor and  other professionals involved in a project in case of defects in the building within the Defects Liability Period.","breadcrumbs":[{"label":"ANNEX H: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS ON HANGING REGULATIONS"}]},{"id":"cC3WaQMqxOg1ggNsGawj","title":"7. 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